Budgeting Comments
(Exercise 6-13 – Revised) Select one of the following quotes from the text to discuss. Clearly state whether you either agree or disagree with the comment and support your opinion with at least one scholarly resource. Include in your response an explanation of the major purposes of budgeting. Your initial post should be 200-250 words.
7-6. Expected Value of Profit. The sales manager of the Bleier Corporation’s Economic Forecasting Department has estimated that a 40%probability exists that sales volume for next year will be 600,000 units with a selling price of $7 per unit. A 60% probability exists that saleswill be 500,000 units with a selling price of $8 per unit. Variable cost per unit is estimated at $6 (with a probability of 20%) or $5 (with aprobability of 80%). Fixed costs for the next year have been estimated at $800,000.
Question:
Compute the expected value of forecast net income for next year.
7-7. Budget Comments. Comment briefly on the following quotes about budgeting from a financial planning textbook:
“One major criticism of budgeting is that it is used as a ‘cost reduction’ tool rather than a ‘cost control’ tool. The objective of the budgetis to control costs at an efficient level of operation.”
“There are generally three benefits from allowing employees to participate in developing the budget: (1) Employees tend to accept thebudget as their own plan of action. (2) Participation tends to increase morale among employees and toward management. (3) Employeecohesiveness is increased, and productivity will also increase if dictated by the group norm.”
“Even though budgets are quantitative tools, considerable emotion is connected to budgeting. The individual in control often sees thebudget as a means of getting things done. People being controlled often have feelings of anxiety because their success and promotionare tied directly to the budget.”
7-8. Purchases and Cash Payments. A production plan by quarter for ADS Company is:
First quarter
24,000 units
Third quarter
32,000 units
Second quarter
30,000
Fourth quarter
42,000
Four units of materials are used in producing each unit of product. Each unit of materials costs $0.60. Ending materials inventory is to beequal to 25% of production requirements for the next quarter. This requirement was met at the beginning of the year. Production for the firstquarter following the budget year is estimated at 28,000 units. Accounts payable for materials purchased is estimated at $38,400 at thebeginning of the current budget year. Forecast accounts payable at the end of the quarter should equal 40% of the purchases during thequarter.
Questions:
Determine the units of materials to be purchased each quarter.
Determine the cost of materials purchases by quarter.
Estimate the payments to be made each quarter for materials.
7-9. Basic Budget Relationships. Analyze the following situations.
Evan Corporation has a $75,000 balance in its accounts receivable account at the beginning of the budget month. Sales on account thismonth should be $160,000, and 70% of those sales should be collected in the month of the sale. In addition, 60% of the beginningbalance in accounts receivable is expected to be collected this month. What is expected to be the budget month’s ending balance ofaccounts receivable?
Henry Supply, a wholesaler, estimated sales of $750,000 for the third quarter and $800,000 for the fourth quarter. The estimated grossprofit rate is 40%. The June 30 inventory is $120,000. The targeted inventory at the end of the third quarter is to be 20% of fourthquarter sales volume. What quantity of inventory should be purchased in the third quarter?
Schneider’s Wholesale Apparel is budgeting for the year. The beginning accounts receivable and partial sales data are given below:
First Quarter
Second Quarter
Accounts Receivable
$200,000
Sales
$600,000
$800,000
Sales are all on credit, and 80% are collected in the quarter of sale. The remainder is collected in the next quarter. What are budgetedcash collections in the second quarter?
Question:
Find the requested amount in each situation.
7-10. Various Budget Schedules. Sloviter Candies is preparing a budget for the second quarter of the current calendar year. The Marchending inventory of merchandise was $106,000, which was higher than expected. The company prefers to carry ending inventory amountingto the expected sales volume of the next two months. Purchases of merchandise are paid half in the month of purchase and half in the monthfollowing purchase, and the balance due on accounts payable at the end of March was $24,000. Budgeted sales are as follows:
April
$50,000
July
$72,000
May
48,000
August
56,000
June
60,000
September
60,000
Questions:
Assume that a 25% gross profit margin is budgeted. Prepare a budget schedule that shows the following for April, May, and June:
Cost of goods sold
Purchases required
Cash payments for merchandise
Assume that the accounts receivable balance on April 1 was $35,000 and that three-fourths of all customers pay in the month of saleand one-fourth in the month following the sale. Prepare a budget showing the cash receipts from accounts receivable for April, May, andJune.
7-11. Adequacy of Cash Flow With “What Ifs.” Marcy Lynn is preparing a budget of cash receipts and disbursements for Newman FoodServices, Inc. Some sales are for cash, and the remainder is billed on a contract basis. Sales for April to August are:
Cash Sales
Billed Sales
Total Sales
April
$65,000
$40,000
$105,000
May
72,000
46,000
118,000
June
84,000
68,000
152,000
July
88,000
72,000
160,000
August
86,000
70,000
156,000
Of the billed sales, 65% is collected during the month of sale; the other 35% is collected the next month.
Food costs amounting to 75% of sales must be paid during the month of sales. Monthly operating costs are $24,000. The cash balance at May1 amounted to $7,000. If the cash balance is more than $20,000 on August 31, Marcy and the other shareholders will receive the excess asdividends.
Questions (use of spreadsheet software is recommended):
Prepare a budget of cash receipts and disbursements for each month, May to August, inclusive.
Compute the amount, if any, that can be paid in dividends at the end of August.
What is the impact on possible dividend payments in the following situations?
“What if” competitive pressures cause food costs to increase to 80% of sales?
“What if” collections of billed sales slow to 50% in the month of sale and 50% in the next month?
7-12. Cash Budgeting. Benporath Corporation, a Melbourne, Australia, firm, is preparing a cash budget for 2020 using the following data:
Each month, 70% of sales is on credit. Of credit sales, 60% is collected in the month of sale and 40% in the next month.
Cost of goods sold is 70% of sales. Of purchases, 60% is paid when purchased; and the remainder is paid in the next month.
Planned inventory is 40% of the next month’s sales. Budgeted purchases in February were A$60,000.
Operating expenses are A$30,000 per month, including A$2,000 of depreciation expense. These are paid when incurred.
Forecast cash balance as of March 1 is A$20,000, which is the target level.
Budgeted sales, in Australian dollars, for a portion of 2020 are: February A$90,000, March A$120,000, April A$110,000, and May A$100,000.
Questions:
Create a cash forecast for March.
If Benporath plans to buy a computer system for A$20,000, can the firm pay for it and keep a “safe” cash level? What are the main risks?
7-13. Managerial Behavior and Budget Ethics. Shulamith Corporation has seen a new revision of the budget system each year for the pastfive years. Bonuses followed strong budget performances. The following are changes made during the past few years:
Change 1: One year top management felt that, since wages were 60% of total expenses, the budget should simply focus on keeping nextyear’s headcounts equal to or below the current year’s level. Most managers did this by shifting work to outside contractors.
Change 2: Concern over customer service caused top management to budget the number of back orders issued because an item wasnot available from existing inventory. A trip to Tahiti was given to managers with zero actual back orders.
Change 3: Because corporate expenses were viewed as being too high, the president, Jonathan Klein, decided to allocate all home officeexpenses to the nine divisions. Each division head budgeted down to “net income” and was evaluated on the comparison of actual toplanned “net income.”
Change 4: Also, at the final budget approval stage for the last several years, Klein forced each division to reduce its total expenses by aneven 5% across the board. This year, Klein increased the across-the-board cuts to 10%.
Question:
Comment on Shulamith Corporation’s approach to budgeting and the possible impacts each change might have on the budget process andmanagers’ behavior.
“One major criticism of budgeting is that it is used as a ‘cost reduction’ tool rather than a ‘cost control’ tool. The objective of the budget is to control costs at an efficient level of operation.”
“There are generally three benefits from allowing employees to participate in developing the budget: (1) Employees tend to accept the budget as their own plan of action. (2) Participation tends to increase morale among employees and toward management. (3) Employee cohesiveness is increased, and productivity will also increase if dictated by the group norm.”
“Even though budgets are quantitative tools, considerable emotion is connected to budgeting. The individual in control often sees the budget as a means of getting things done. People being controlled often have feelings of anxiety because their success and promotion are tied directly to the budget.”
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